All Primary and Secondary Logic Gates

Do you know about logic gates? There are two types of logic gates. Let’s discuss what is primary and secondary logic gates with their detailed classification.

Table of Contents

Primary logic gates

The common use of logic elements is to act as switches, although they have no moving parts. They open to pass on a pulse of electricity or are close to shutting it off.

This is why they are known as gates. The primary gates are

OR Gate,
AND Gate and
NOT Gate

OR Gate

An OR gate has an output of 1 if any of the inputs are 1. The symbol and truth table for a two-input. Here output, Y=A+B, where + denotes OR operation.

logic gates — Two-input OR gate, (a) Truth Table, (b) Symbol

The figure illustrates, the close relationship between the 2-input OR gate and an electrical switching circuit. Such a circuit normally contains some source of every (a battery), an

Output device (a lamp), and one or more switches are all connected by wires. A switch is a two-state device that is either closed (on) or opens (off). In Figure 3.2 switches A and B, are connected in parallel.

The lamp will light if switch A is closed, if switch B is closed, or if both switches are closed. This is the property described by the truth table for the Or gate, where 1 denotes that the switch or lamp is on and 0 indicates that it is off.

AND Gate

An AND gate has an output of 1 if all of its inputs are 1. The symbol and truth table for two input AND gates are shown in the figure. Here output, Y=A.B. where denotes AND operation.

The figure is a circuit showing two switches. A and B, are connected in series. The lamp will light only when both A and B are close. This is exactly the property described by the truth table for the AND gate, where 1 denotes that the circuit element is on and 0 denotes that it is off.

Not Gate

A NOT gate has one input and one output. It has the effect of reversing the input signal and is also called an inverter. The symbol and truth table for a NOT gate are shown in the figure. Here output Y=A, where-indicates NOT operation.

Secondary Logic Gates

Some secondary gates are

NAND Gate
NOR Gate
EXOR Gate

NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates because anyone can be used to realize any logical expression.

NAND Gates

A NAND gate has the same effect as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate, Hence the output will be opposite of the AND gate. The symbol and truth table for a two-input NAND gate is shown in Figure.

NOR Gate

A NOR gate has the same effect as an OR gate followed by a NOT gate. Hence the output will be the opposite of the OR gate. The symbol and truth table for a two-input NOR gate are shown in Figure.

EXOR Gat

It is widely used in digital circuits. The symbol and truth table for a two-input EXOR gate are shown in Figure 3.8. Here output Y=A + denotes EXOR operation.